森林療癒健康效益：比較解說引導方式之差異

人類追求文明生活的同時，渴望自然的天性從未消失。但大量開發使用自然能源的生活方式，卻造成了生態危機；人類在生存競爭的壓力下，逐漸失去了與自然緊密的聯繫與熱情，漠視自然生態，造成環境逐漸惡化；這將會影響整體人類社會的公共衛生與生活品質，並引發各種生理及心理疾病。
因此，如何重啟人類與自然的連結，將是保護環境與維繫人類福祉的重要方向。研究顯示，先進國家蔚為流行之森林療癒，具有提升人體健康之功效；其中的引導活動更是具備喚醒人類友善面對自然之潛力。故本研究聚焦探討解說引導方式對森林療癒的健康效益。
研究地點設在溪頭自然教育園區，實驗時間為七月至八月間。實驗設計規劃出三組森林療癒活動；分別為實驗組，包含兩種解說引導方式(自導式和引導式)及加上一組控制組(漫步型)，此為無介入引導模式，單純步行於森林環境；自導組使用紙本｢五感體驗地圖｣探索，引導組則為人員引導體驗；研究對象共招募到99位(年齡分布：20~86歲)，隨機分派至三個組別。活動前、後分別蒐集受試者之生理(心跳、血壓、自律神經平衡和唾液澱粉酶)和心理(情緒狀態及親自然狀態)數值，並且於後測同時填寫活動體驗評估量表(用心體驗、滿意度和重遊意願)。統計方式為變異數分析，以0.05 顯著水準來驗證研究假說，並以平均值、標準差及改變量之方式呈現結果。受試者背景資料特別蒐集生活習慣及自然連結背景數據。
研究結果顯示，本次三種森林療癒活動，皆能帶給民眾放鬆、喜悅和親近自然的效果。其中，解說引導式活動，除了展現森林療癒的健康效益，親自然狀態數值改變量又較漫步型活動有更好的表現。再者，引導組之心理數值又較自導組全面進步；正向情緒提升最多，負向情緒整體下降改善。同時在用心體驗、滿意度及重遊意願評估發現，人員引導方式更加帶給民眾深刻的自然體驗感受，達到｢用心｣之效果，也讓民眾對於森林環境和療癒活動更加認同並關心。
本研究結果驗證了解說引導方式具有提升並增加森林療癒效益之多元性，對於人類與自然的連結更是扮演著關鍵並重要的角色。未來可繼續探究解說引導理論於自然連結上的應用，研究數據將做為森林經營之療癒應用參考。

The biophilia hypothesis is mentioned “boldly asserts the existence of a biologically based inherent human need to affiliate with life and lifelike processes”., human has innate love for nature. Natural resources of mass development has brought the human civilization that results in an ecological crisis. The pressure of survival competition, human has gradually lost their connection with nature, that has disregarded to nature protection. This has affected public health and quality of life, cause a variety of physical and mental illnesses. Therefore, how to promote human connect with nature will be an important direction to protect the environment and maintain human well-being. Popular alternative therapy is called“forest therapy” could improve human health and have the potential to awaken human connection with nature. The study focuses on the health benefits of guided modes with forest therapy.
The research site chose in Xitou Nature Education Area, and the experiment time was from July to August. The experimental design adopted three-group pretest and posttest, two explanation guidance methods (self-guided and guided) and a group of control (walking type). The research recruited 99 subjects (age:21-86), randomly assigned to three groups. The measurements included physiological responses (heart rate, blood pressure, autonomic nerve balance, and salivary alpha-amylase), psychological indices (POMS and INS), and the posttest of activity experience assessment (mindfulness, satisfaction and willingness to revisit). The statistical method is the ANOVA, and the research hypothesis is verified with a significant level of 0.05, and the results are presented in terms of mean, standard deviation and amount of change. The background information of the subjects collected the habits and nature relatedness background dara.
The results of the study show that the three modes of forest therapy activities can bring relaxation, joy, and closeness to nature. The explanation of the guided activities, in addition to showing the health benefits of forest therapy, the INS has a better performance than the walk type activities. Moreover, the psychological value of the guided is more comprehensive than the self-guided. Also in the mindfulness, satisfaction, and willingness to revisit, the guided has brought the people a deep sense of natural experience and made the people more aware and concerned about the forest environment.
This results of study verify that the guiding method has the potential to enhance the benefits of forest therapy and the connection between human and nature. In the future, the application about guiding theory to natural connection should be explored, and the research data will be serve as a reference for the forest therapy of management.